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Tammera Stokes Rice, College of the Canyons
Adapted by William Kelvin, Professor of Communication Studies, Florida SouthWestern State College
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES |
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After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
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Figure 13.1: “The 86th Annual Academy Awards”1
Introduction
“And, the Oscar goes to…!” You have probably caught those famous last words anytime someone wins at the Academy Awards. You’ve probably also heard speeches given at special occasions like graduations, wedding receptions, birthday parties, funerals, corporate meetings, etc. All of these speeches are very common, so you will probably hear them several times throughout your life. You may even need to present one yourself, so it is important to learn how to prepare them.
Special Occasion Speaking
Unlike informative speeches that inform an audience and persuasive speeches that persuade the audience, a special occasion speech is given by a speaker at a unique or special event that dictates the specific purpose. These speeches are also unique because each one of them is generally shorter in length than informative and persuasive speeches and is presented to a specific audience for a specific purpose. These special occasion speeches will be given in either a topical or chronological (temporal) order.
Nine Types of Special Occasion Speeches
In this chapter, we will cover nine different types of special occasion speeches and provide the guidelines to follow for each of them. Although there are other types, these are the most common speeches and might be part of your course assignments. The nine speeches are a speech of introduction, presentation speech, acceptance speech, toast, eulogy, speech to secure goodwill, dedication speech, commencement speech, and farewell speech.
Speech of Introduction
This is a speech introducing the featured speaker to the audience. Its main purpose is to gain attention and create interest for the upcoming speaker. It is like an informative speech because you are informing the audience about the main speaker, so you will follow the general pattern of informative speeches (topical or chronological/temporal). The guidelines to follow for this type of speech are:
- Be brief.
- Make sure your remarks about the main speaker are accurate!
- Adapt your remarks for the occasion. If it is a formal occasion, then it requires a formal speech.
- Adapt your remarks to the main speaker. Make sure the style and manner of your introduction are consistent with the main speech that will follow.
- Adapt your remarks to the audience, so they want to hear the main speaker’s speech that follows your introduction.
- Try to create a sense of anticipation. You can build excitement by holding off and giving the name of the speaker at the climax of the introduction.
Example: Introducing Ms. Oprah Winfrey at a Lifetime Achievement Television Awards banquet.
Find a sample online: Stanford University President’s introduction of Oprah in 2008. You can find the full text of the speech from June 15, 2008.
Presentation Speech
This speech is given when someone is publicly receiving a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition. In this speech, you want to highlight the reason for the award or recognition by providing specific details. These speeches are most often heard at award show ceremonies. You can find videos from the Grammys, Tonys, Oscars, etc., and easily find good samples of presentation speeches. Here are the basic guidelines to follow for this type of speech:
- Be brief.
- State the reason for the presentation.
- State the importance of the award.
Example: Presenting an award for technical merit in a film at the Academy Awards.
Figure 13.2: Academy Awards2
Acceptance Speech
If there is going to be a presentation of an award, then someone must accept it, right? This speech is given to say thank you for a gift, award, or some other form of recognition. The guidelines to follow for this type of speech are:
- Be brief.
- Thank the people responsible for giving the award.
- Acknowledge those who helped you achieve the award.
- Explain what the award means to you currently and what it might mean to you in the future.
Example: Accepting an Oscar for Best Female Performance in a motion picture or an award for Employee of the Year.
Find a sample online: You can find the full transcript for when the cast and crew of the film CODA accept their award for Best Picture in 2022.
Toast
This speech is designed to celebrate a person(s) or an occasion. You will often hear them at anniversary parties, weddings, dinner parties, etc. The guidelines to follow for this type of speech are:
- Be brief.
- Place focus on the person(s) you are celebrating.
- Avoid inside jokes, so you do not offend or confuse others.
- Do not get intoxicated before your speech.
- Most cultures have an “ending action,” so incorporate it into the speech. For example, in the United States, we tend to raise our glass as the ending action, so make sure the audience knows your speech has ended by raising your glass and signaling to drink. Make sure you research the cultural significance of the event.
Example: Toasting the couple at their wedding.
Find a sample online: You can find the full transcript of President Obama’s White House Correspondents’ Association dinner toast in 2015.
Figure 13.3: Wedding Hands3
Eulogy
The word eulogy is from Greek origins that means “to praise,” so this tribute speech is given to praise the life of someone who has passed away. The guidelines to follow for this type of speech are:
- Research the history of the person.
- Think about who this person was in relation to the audience to have the greatest impact.
- Give accolades about the person who passed to showcase the personality and legacy of the individual.
- Think about how to incorporate emotional elements and humor to help the audience celebrate their life.
Example: Praising the life of someone dear to you who has passed away.
Find a sample online: You can find the full transcript of the eulogy for Rosa Parks. On October 31, 2005, at the Metropolitan AME Church in Washington D.C., Oprah Winfrey delivered a memorable eulogy of Rosa Parks. In it, she repeatedly stated, “We shall not be moved.” This famous line is indicative of Rosa Park’s refusal to give up her seat on the bus.
Figure 13.4: Rosa Parks4
Speech to Secure Goodwill
This speech informs the audience about a particular product, company, profession, institution, person, etc. while trying to heighten the image of that product, company, profession, institution, person, etc. Online influencers do this all the time. They are hired by companies to “sell” their products or garner goodwill from new customers. The guidelines to follow for this type of speech are:
- Establish credibility by explaining why the audience should listen to you speak about this product, company, etc. Be transparent about your affiliations and experience. Do you work for the company? Have you tried the product?
- Always show the audience how they may benefit from whatever it is you are speaking about.
- Stress the uniqueness of it.
- This is an informative speech, while slightly hinting at the persuasive speech. Don’t be obvious about trying to persuade by saying “You should buy this product.” Rather, use your language to highlight the benefits of the product.
Example: Giving a speech to local high school seniors about their local community college and its incredible programs. In this example, you are informing the audience of the programs with the hope of getting them to enroll in community college, but the speech is not to persuade them to register. The speech is to tell them about the programs in hopes of their consideration for registering. See, it’s an informative speech with a hint of persuasion.
Dedication Speech
This speech gives special meaning to something being presented to the public. It is usually given at a ceremony of an official opening or the completion of something. You may have heard about a ribbon-cutting ceremony in your town celebrating the opening of a new business, or a new building at your college. Typically, a dedication speech is given by the developer, college president, mayor, etc. The guidelines to follow for this type of speech are:
- You want to state the reason you are giving the dedication.
- Explain exactly what is being dedicated.
- Tell the audience who is responsible for the item that is being presented.
- Explain why this item is significant.
Figure 13.5: Baltimore Holocaust Memorial5
Example: Elie Wiesel’s dedication speech at the opening of the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D.C.
Find a sample online: You can find the full transcript of Elie Wiesel’s Remarks at the Dedication Ceremonies for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum on April 22, 1993.
Commencement Speech
This speech is given to graduating students at a high school, college, university, or military academy. It is generally the main speech at the celebration providing the speaker the opportunity to offer experience and advice to the new graduates. The guidelines to follow for this type of speech are:
- Research the event and people involved.
- Consider a chronological (temporal) organizing pattern to recognize students’ journeys.
- Make the speech about the audience, not just your own story.
- Time the speech so it is appropriate for the event.
- Offer a motivational message, guidance, or suggestion.
- Congratulate those that finished the training and offer them best wishes.
Example: The Valedictorian at your university giving a speech to the new college graduates at the Commencement ceremony.
Figure 13.6: Florida SouthWestern State College student at Commencement ceremony6
Farewell Speech
This speech is meant to say goodbye or give tribute to a person because they are retiring or taking a new position. You could give the speech because you are leaving your current position, or someone could give the speech to you because you are leaving the position. The guidelines to follow for this type of speech are:
- Be brief.
- Provide praise towards the person.
- Acknowledge their role in the position.
- Describe how they benefitted the group and the challenge of going on without them.
- Say “thank yous” where appropriate.
- If you are the one leaving, explain how much you care for the group and will miss interacting with them.
Example: Saying goodbye to FSW after working in your position for 28 years.
Find a sample online: You can find the full transcript of Ronald Reagan’s farewell address to the nation on January 11, 1989.
Conclusion
In this chapter, we discussed nine different types of special occasion speeches. Each one is organized for a specific audience within a particular context. They are all unique and the speaker must follow the particular guidelines to make an impact on the audience.
All you need to do is listen to the speeches during an awards show like the Academy Awards, and you will hear introductory, presentation, and acceptance speeches for sure. Always keep in mind that each culture celebrates people in different ways, so be sure to analyze the audience before preparing the content of the speech. If you are the next valedictorian at your college or university or are delivering a speech at a friend’s wedding, we hope that you will reflect on all that you have learned in this chapter so that you deliver a memorable speech!
Reflection Questions
- What occasions in your life could you foresee using a special occasion speech? How do you feel about those potential opportunities and why?
- How would you begin the process of developing a special occasion speech?
- What methods might you use to research the information you need for this type of speech? Offer specific online search strategies as well as other ideas besides searching online.
- What stylistic differences might you employ that are different from your previous informative speeches?
Key Terms
Acceptance Speech
Commencement Speech
Dedication Speech
Eulogy
Farewell Speech
Introduction Speech
Presentation Speech
Speech to Secure Goodwill
Toast